In 2008, Michael Shermer coined the word "patternicity", defining it as "the tendency to find meaningful patterns in meaningless noise". Main article: Synchronicity "Patternicity"
Thus the English term "apophenia" has a somewhat different meaning than that which Conrad defined when he coined the term "Apophänie". Such meanings are entirely self-referential, solipsistic, and paranoid-"being observed, spoken about, the object of eavesdropping, followed by strangers". In contrast to an epiphany, an apophany (i.e., an instance of apophenia) does not provide insight into the nature of reality nor its interconnectedness, but is a "process of repetitively and monotonously experiencing abnormal meanings in the entire surrounding experiential field". More specifically, within the world of finance itself, the examples most prone to apophenia are trading, structuring, sales and compensation. The problem of apophenia in finance has been addressed in academic articles. It may be compared to a so-called false positive in other test situations. In statistics, apophenia is an example of a type I error – the false identification of patterns in data. A common example of this is the gambler's fallacy. Gamblers may imagine that they see patterns in the numbers that appear in lotteries, card games, or roulette wheels, where no such patterns exist. Pareidolia usually occurs as a result of the fusiform face area-which is the part of the human brain responsible for seeing faces-mistakenly interpreting an object, shape or configuration with some kind of perceived "face-like" features as being a face. There is strong evidence that the use of psychedelic drugs tends to induce or enhance pareidolia. People sometimes see the face of a religious figure in a piece of toast or in the grain of a piece of wood. People around the world see the " Man in the Moon". Pareidolia is a type of apophenia involving the perception of images or sounds in random stimuli.Ī common example is the perception of a face within an inanimate object-the headlights and grill of an automobile may appear to be "grinning". "The Organ Player": an example of pareidolia in Neptune's Grotto, Sardinia
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